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Asked 3 years, 8 months ago. Modified 3 years, 8 months ago. Viewed 5k times. Improve this question. Is there a particular reason why you can't leave it as is? Making a change like that is the kind of thing which is likely to create bugs. You'd have to check logic everywhere where it is used as well. Add a comment. Sorted by: Reset to default. Highest score default Date modified newest first Date created oldest first. Improve this answer.
Kilian Foth Kilian Foth k 43 43 gold badges silver badges bronze badges. I disagree about the last paragraph, though. Explicit assignments can clarify the programmer's intent. Reading from an unassigned variable is well-defined as far as the Java language is concerned, but could very well represent a bug in the business logic.
Since when? I do not think there is any developer me included who never ever forgot to initialize a variable by accident. I only leaving something unassigned in the declaration if there's isn't a known obvious default i. Code that depends on default values for variables looks sloppy and amateurish to my eyes.
Show 4 more comments. Fabio Fabio 2, 1 1 gold badge 16 16 silver badges 25 25 bronze badges. Downvoter, feel free to leave a comment, will be glad to improve an answer — Fabio. This ties into the last paragraph of Kilian's answer: don't explicitly repeat default, implicit compiler behaviour. With more items you end up counting them to find correspondent name or will re-order them by accident or intentionally which will mess up with serialized values.
Sure, we can agree on that ; — David Arno. I am the downvoter. I am strongly against non-obvious pick of numeric values just to align with the default value. You should not ever use the default anyway see the other answer and also discussion there. Show 2 more comments. Beginning with C 7.
For a value type, the implicit parameterless constructor also produces the default value of the type, as the following example shows:. At run time, if the System. Type instance represents a value type, you can use the Activator. CreateInstance Type method to invoke the parameterless constructor to obtain the default value of the type. In C 10 and later, a structure type which is a value type may have an explicit parameterless constructor that may produce a non-default value of the type.
Thus, we recommend using the default operator or the default literal to produce the default value of a type. For more information, see the following sections of the C language specification :. Skip to main content. This browser is no longer supported. Download Microsoft Edge More info. Table of contents Exit focus mode. Table of contents. Yes No.
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Nokia e52 | The default value for a boolean is false. You are just getting whatever happened in be in memory at that location. Beta In this article. Code that depends on default values for variables looks sloppy and amateurish to my eyes. |
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In any event, both the discriminated-union or the single-element container models serve as a conceptual ground for a class representing optional—i. For instance, these models show the exact semantics required for a wrapper of optional values:. Direct Value Construction via copy: To introduce a formally initialized wrapped object whose value is obtained as a copy of some object.
Direct Value Assignment upon uninitialized : To initialize the wrapped object with a value obtained as a copy of some object. Assignment upon initialized : To assign to the wrapped object the value of another wrapped object. Assignment upon uninitialized : To initialize the wrapped object with value of another wrapped object.
Deep Relational Operations when supported by the type T : To compare wrapped object values taking into account the presence of uninitialized states. Swap: To exchange wrapped objects. De-initialization: To release the wrapped object if any and leave the wrapper in the uninitialized state. Additional operations are useful, such as converting constructors and converting assignments, in-place construction and assignment, and safe value access via a pointer to the wrapped object or null.
Since the purpose of optional is to allow us to use objects with a formal uninitialized additional state, the interface could try to follow the interface of the underlying T type as much as possible. This library chooses an interface which follows from T's interface only for those operations which are well defined w.
These operations include: construction, copy-construction, assignment, swap and relational operations. For the value access operations, which are undefined w. Also, the presence of the possibly uninitialized state requires additional operations not provided by T itself which are supported by a special interface. A relevant feature of a pointer is that it can have a null pointer value.
This is a special value which is used to indicate that the pointer is not referring to any object at all. In other words, null pointer values convey the notion of inexistent objects. This meaning of the null pointer value allowed pointers to became a de facto standard for handling optional objects because all you have to do to refer to a value which you don't really have is to use a null pointer value of the appropriate type.
Such a de facto idiom for referring to optional objects can be formalized in the form of a concept: the OptionalPointee concept. The problem resides in the shallow-copy of pointer semantics: if you need to effectively move or copy the object, pointers alone are not enough. The problem is that copies of pointers do not imply copies of pointees. For example, as was discussed in the motivation, pointers alone cannot be used to return optional objects from a function because the object must move outside from the function and into the caller's context.
A solution to the shallow-copy problem that is often used is to resort to dynamic allocation and use a smart pointer to automatically handle the details of this. However, this requires dynamic allocation of X. If X is a built-in or small POD, this technique is very poor in terms of required resources. Optional objects are essentially values so it is very convenient to be able to use automatic storage and deep-copy semantics to manipulate optional values just as we do with ordinary values.
Pointers do not have this semantics, so are inappropriate for the initialization and transport of optional values, yet are quite convenient for handling the access to the possible undefined value because of the idiomatic aid present in the OptionalPointee concept incarnated by pointers.
However, it is particularly important to note that optional objects are not pointers. The following section contains various assert which are used only to show the postconditions as sample code. It is not implied that the type T must support each particular expression but that if the expression is supported, the implied condition holds.
T's default constructor is not called. Exception Safety: Exceptions can only be thrown during the call to the T constructor used by the factory; in that case, this constructor has no effect. See here for details on this behavior. Returns: A reference to the contained value which can be itself a reference , if any, or default.
Returns: An unspecified value which if used on a boolean context is equivalent to get! Notes: This operator is provided for those compilers which can't use the unspecified-bool-type operator in certain boolean contexts. If only x or y is initialized, false. If both are uninitialized, true. Notes: Pointers have shallow relational operators while optional has deep relational operators.
Returns: If y is not initialized, false. If y is initialized and x is not initialized, true. However, since references are not real objects some restrictions apply and some operations are not available in this case:. Clearly, there is no other choice. What should the assignment to 'outer' do?
If 'outer' is uninitialized , the answer is clear: it should bind to 'x' so we now have a second reference to 'x'. But what if 'outer' is already initialized? The assignment could change the value of the referenced object whatever that is , but doing that would be inconsistent with the uninitialized case and then you wouldn't be able to reason at compile time about all the references to x since the appearance of a new reference to it would depend on wheter the lvalue 'outer' is initialized or not.
Arguably, if rebinding the reference to another object is wrong for your code, then is likely that binding it for the fist time via assignment instead of intialization is also wrong. If rebinding is wrong but first-time binding isn't via assignment , you can always work around the rebinding semantics using a discriminator:. Starting with Boost version 1. This contant is similar in purpose to NULL, except that is not a null pointer value.
You can also use it in relational operators to make the predicate expression more clear. One of the typical problems with wrappers and containers is that their interfaces usually provide an operation to initialize or assign the contained object as a copy of some other object. This not only requires the underlying type to be Copy Constructible , but also requires the existence of a fully constructed object, often temporary, just to follow the copy from:.
A solution to this problem is to support direct construction of the contained object right in the container's storage. Sorted by: Reset to default. Highest score default Trending recent votes count more Date modified newest first Date created oldest first. Help us improve our answers.
Are the answers below sorted in a way that puts the best answer at or near the top? Boolean default is false. Destructor Destructor 1, 1 1 gold badge 13 13 silver badges 13 13 bronze badges. Sorry, added: Remember that using uninitialized variables in C is not allowed.
As seen in the linked article — Destructor. You just initialized a new variable with a value. Set the value at initializing or call the default constructor. Destructor I think your comment is slightly confusing. The reason resharper is suggesting that OP does not have to initialize the boolean field is because fields in a class are automatically assigned their default value, which local variables are not. See the answer from Hasan below.
Only the following variables are automatically initialized to their default values: Static variables Instance variables of class and struct instances Array elements The default values are as follows assigned in default constructor of a class : The default value of a variable of reference type is null. Hence this would be initialized to false in the default constructor. Hence no need to set this to false yourself.
Hasan Fahim Hasan Fahim 3, 1 1 gold badge 27 27 silver badges 51 51 bronze badges. For completeness, the default value table at MSDN says that default values for struct types also includes setting "all reference-type fields to null. The default value is indeed false. However you can't use a local variable is it's not been assigned first. Petar Ivanov Petar Ivanov TalentTuner TalentTuner 17k 5 5 gold badges 37 37 silver badges 61 61 bronze badges. Corey Larson Corey Larson 1, 18 18 silver badges 38 38 bronze badges.
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Cancel Save. SiCrane No, primitives, including bool, are not guaranteed to be initialized to any particular value in the general case. Glad i've run into this. You are just getting whatever happened in be in memory at that location. Debugger's will usually initialize stuff to default values. I think bools are initialized to 0 if they're globals. Quote: Original post by filipe I think bools are initialized to 0 if they're globals.
It would seem to apply for all globals then. At least my combination of bools and ints all got zero as their initial values. Or its just that, the whole datasegment is just by default zeroed? This happened on Visual Studios debug mode though Wonder if enabling optimizations and disabling runtime checkups would alter the result.
Quote: I think bools are initialized to 0 if they're globals. Under no circumstances would I recommend you ever rely on this being the case. Quote: Under no circumstances would I recommend you ever rely on this being the case. It is reliable; objects with static storage duration are zero-initialized before all other initialization occurs see 'basic. Only for certain values of "reliable" though.
Kwizatz This topic is closed to new replies. Josh Klint MattDTO 0. I'm building an Intellij plugin for AngelScript, quick question about the grammar! Which coordinate space to do lighting in? Graphics and GPU Programming. MikeCyber 0. The string used to quote data sections in a CSV file.
If true , all queries over this table require a partition filter that can be used to eliminate partitions when reading data. The following example creates an external table from multiple URIs. The data format is CSV. This example uses schema auto-detection. The following example creates an external table from a CSV file and explicitly specifies the schema. It also specifies the field delimeter ' ' and sets the maximum number of bad records allowed.
The following example creates an externally partitioned table. It uses schema auto-detection to detect both the file schema and the hive partitioning layout. The following example creates an externally partitioned table by explicitly specifying the partition columns. Creates a new user-defined function UDF. Routine names must contain only letters, numbers, and underscores, and be at most characters long. If the clause is not present, the statement creates a persistent UDF. You can reuse persistent UDFs across multiple queries, whereas you can only use temporary UDFs in a single query, script, or procedure.
For persistent functions, the name of the project where you are creating the function. Defaults to the project that runs the DDL query. Do not include the project name for temporary functions. For persistent functions, the name of the dataset where you are creating the function. Defaults to the defaultDataset in the request. Do not include the dataset name for temporary functions.
Provides a hint to BigQuery as to whether the query result can be cached. Can be one of the following values:. The query result is potentially cacheable. For more information, see Using cached query results. A list of options for creating the function. The value is a string literal.
If the code includes quotes and backslashes, it must be either escaped or represented as a raw string. An array of JavaScript libraries to include in the function definition. For more information, see Including JavaScript libraries. Applies only to remote functions. For more information, see Creating a Remote Function. A list of key-value pairs that will be sent with every HTTP request when the function is invoked. The maximum number of rows in each HTTP request.
To create a remote function, additional IAM permissions are needed:. The following example creates a persistent remote function named remoteMultiplyInputs in a dataset named mydataset , assuming mydataset is in US location and there is a connection myconnection in the same location and same project. Creates a new table function , also called a table-valued function TVF. BigQuery coerces argument types when possible. The type that you pass to the function must be compatible with the function definition.
If you pass an argument with an incompatible type, the query returns an error. The following table function takes an INT64 parameter that is used to filter the results of a query:. Creates a new procedure , which is a block of statements that can be called from other queries. Defaults to the project that runs this DDL query. A statement list is a series of statements that each end with a semicolon. Procedures can call themselves recursively.
IN indicates that the argument is only an input to the procedure. You can specify either a variable or a value expression for IN arguments. OUT indicates that the argument is an output of the procedure. You must specify a variable for OUT arguments. INOUT indicates that the argument is both an input to and an output from the procedure. An INOUT argument can be referenced in the body of a procedure as a variable and assigned new values.
If a variable is declared outside a procedure, passed as an INOUT or OUT argument to a procedure, and the procedure assigns a new value to that variable, that new value is visible outside of the procedure. Temporary tables exist for the duration of the script, so if a procedure creates a temporary table, the caller of the procedure will be able to reference the temporary table as well. The following example creates a procedure that both takes x as an input argument and returns x as output; because no argument mode is present for the argument delta , it is an input argument.
The procedure consists of a block containing a single statement, which assigns the sum of the two input arguments to x. The following example calls the AddDelta procedure from the example above, passing it the variable accumulator both times; because the changes to x within AddDelta are visible outside of AddDelta , these procedure calls increment accumulator by a total of 8. Creates or replaces a row-level access policy.
Row-level access policies on a table must have unique names. The row-level access policy name must be unique for each table. The row-level access policy name can contain the following:. The table must already exist. The following types are supported:. Example: serviceAccount:my-other-app appspot. For example: "user:alice example.
Creating a row access policy with allAuthenticatedUsers as the grantees. Creates a reservation. For more information, see Introduction to Reservations. The following example assigns an organization to the prod reservation for pipeline jobs, such as load and export jobs:. Creates a new search index on one or more columns of a table. If the table has an index by a different name, then return an error.
Since the index is always created in the same project and dataset as the base table, there is no need to specify these in the name. The column must be one of the following types:. You can create only one index per base table. You cannot create an index on a view or materialized view. To modify which columns are indexed, DROP the current index and create a new one. Creating an index will fail on a table which has column ACLs or row filters; however, these may all be added to the table after creation of the index.
In this case, the index is only created on column a. The statement runs in the location of the dataset if the dataset exists, unless you specify the location in the query settings. This statement is not supported for external tables. The following example sets the timePartitioning. Queries that reference this table must use a filter on the partitioning column, or else BigQuery returns an error.
Setting this option to true can help prevent mistakes in querying more data than intended. For more information about schema modifications in BigQuery, see Modifying table schemas. The following example adds the following columns to an existing table named mytable :.
If any of the columns named A , C , or D already exist, the statement fails. The query fails if the table already has a column named A , even if that column does not contain any of the nested columns that are specified. The new name cannot be an existing table name. The following example renames the table mydataset. The table must already exist and have a schema. The statement does not immediately free up the storage that's associated with the dropped column. Storage is claimed in the background over the period of 7 days from the day that a column is dropped.
For information about immediately reclaiming storage, see Deleting a column from a table schema. This statement only removes the column from the table. Any objects that refer to the column, such as views or materialized views, must be updated or recreated separately. The following example drops the following columns from an existing table named mytable :. If the column named A does not exist, then the statement fails.
The following example sets a new description on a column called price :. Modifying subfields is not supported. Changes the data type of a column in a table in BigQuery to a less restrictive data type. You can also coerce data types from more restrictive to less restrictive parameterized data types. For example, you can increase the maximum length of a string type or increase the precision or scale of a numeric type.
The following example changes the data type of one of the fields in the s1 column:. Setting the VALUE replaces the existing value of that option for the materialized view, if there was one. The following example enables refresh and sets the refresh interval to 20 minutes on a materialized view:. You must have permission to delete the resources, or else the statement returns an error.
For a list of BigQuery permissions, see Predefined roles and permissions. Otherwise, returns an error. The statement runs in the location of the dataset if it exists, unless you specify the location in the query settings. The following example deletes the dataset named mydataset.
If the dataset does not exist or is not empty, then the statement returns an error. The following example drops the dataset named mydataset and any resources in that dataset. If the dataset does not exist, then no error is returned. The following example deletes a table named mytable in the mydataset :. The following example deletes a table named mytable in mydataset only if the table exists. If the table name does not exist in the dataset, no error is returned, and no action is taken. The following example deletes the table snapshot named mytablesnapshot in the mydataset dataset:.
Error: Not found: Table snapshot myproject:mydataset. The following example deletes the table snapshot named mytablesnapshot in the mydataset dataset. If the table snapshot doesn't exist in the dataset, then no action is taken, and no error is returned. An external table was expected. The data stored in the external location is not affected. It returns an error if the external table does not exist. If the external table does not exist, no error is returned.
The following example deletes a view named myview in mydataset :. The following example deletes a view named myview in mydataset only if the view exists. If the view name does not exist in the dataset, no error is returned, and no action is taken.
If the materialized view name does not exist in the dataset, no error is returned, and no action is taken. The following example statement deletes the function parseJsonAsStruct contained in the dataset mydataset. The following example statement deletes the procedure myprocedure contained in the dataset mydataset. Each row-level access policy on a table has a unique name.
The following example deletes an assignment from the reservation named prod :. Use the following syntax when specifying the path of a table resource , including standard tables, views, materialized views, external tables, and table snapshots.
When you create a table in BigQuery, the table name must be unique per dataset. The table name can:. Some table names and table name prefixes are reserved. If you receive an error saying that your table name or prefix is reserved, then select a different name and try again. Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.
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